SpringCloud基础教程(六)
gateway作为服务网关
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring Cloud官方推出的第二代网关框架，取代Zuul网关。网关作为流量的，在微服务系统中有着非常作用，网关常见的功能有路由转发、权限校验、限流控制等作用。
在上节案例的基础上，讲述如何使用spring cloud gateway作为服务网关。
本案例的项目结构图如下：
gateway需要注册到nacos中去，需要引入以下的依赖：
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--junit依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springboot的测试依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在配置文件application.yml文件：
server:
port: 5000
spring:
application:
name: gateway
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: false
lowerCaseServiceId: true
routes:
- id: provider
uri: lb://provider
predicates:
- Path=/provider/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
- id: consumer
uri: lb://consumer
predicates:
- Path=/consumer/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
配置的解释请阅读文末的相关教程，在这里不再重复。
在工程的启动文件加上相关注解：
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}
依次启动gateway\consumer\provider三个工程，在nacos中已经成功注册：
在浏览器上输入http://localhost:5000/consumer/items/catalog?catalogName=手机，浏览器返回响应：
[{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-01-22 23:53:26","modifyTime":"2021-01-22 23:53:26","flag":true,"id":108,"name":"小米11","price":2999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_39.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"北京","property":null,"province":null,"shopId":0,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-01-23 00:05:55","modifyTime":"2021-01-23 00:05:55","flag":true,"id":109,"name":"vivo x60","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_40.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-01-23 00:08:48","modifyTime":"2021-01-23 00:08:48","flag":true,"id":110,"name":"vivo Neo5","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_41.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-10 14:47:45","modifyTime":"2021-05-10 14:47:45","flag":true,"id":124,"name":"vivo s9","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_40.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-10 14:50:29","modifyTime":"2021-05-10 14:50:29","flag":true,"id":125,"name":"vivo iQOOZ3","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_40.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-10 15:06:37","modifyTime":"2021-05-10 15:06:37","flag":true,"id":126,"name":"vivo z75","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_41.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-10 15:06:57","modifyTime":"2021-05-10 15:06:57","flag":true,"id":127,"name":"vivo x60","price":2999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_41.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-10 15:10:11","modifyTime":"2021-05-10 15:10:11","flag":true,"id":128,"name":"oppo k9","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_55.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-11 10:44:52","modifyTime":"2021-05-11 10:44:52","flag":true,"id":129,"name":"oppo Reno5","price":2666,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_55.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-11 11:17:23","modifyTime":"2021-05-11 11:17:23","flag":true,"id":130,"name":"oppo A9","price":1999,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_56.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false},{"version":0,"createTime":"2021-05-11 11:18:26","modifyTime":"2021-05-11 11:18:26","flag":true,"id":131,"name":"oppo K7x","price":1800,"pic":"http://114.67.88.176:8080/examdemo/images/api/goodList/pics_small/good_56.jpg","number":0,"catalog":"手机","city":"广州","property":null,"province":"广东","shopId":100,"shopName":null,"discount":0.0,"buyCount":0,"status":0,"freePost":false}]
关于nacos部署在linux虚拟机里的相关配置
1.nacos服务注册中心会绑定虚拟机网卡IP地址的问题。
修改application.yml
spring:
...
cloud:
inetutils:
ignored-interfaces: [ 'VirtualBox.*' ]
use-only-site-local-interfaces: true
2.gateway 里predicates断言的正确理解
#不使用前缀时的配置。假设consumer服务的上下文路径是consumerdemo
#http://192.168.2.31:5000/consumer/consumerdemo/goods/catalog?catalogName=手机
spring:
application:
name: gateway
cloud:
inetutils:
ignored-interfaces: [ 'VirtualBox.*' ]
use-only-site-local-interfaces: true
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 192.168.5.23:8848
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: false
lowerCaseServiceId: true
routes:
- id: provider
uri: lb://provider
predicates:
- Path=/provider/**
#filters:
#- StripPrefix=1
- id: consumer
uri: lb://consumer
predicates:
- Path=/consumer/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=1
#使用前缀时的配置。假设consumer服务的上下文路径是consumerdemo
#http://192.168.2.31:5000/consumerdemo/goods/catalog?catalogName=手机
spring:
application:
name: gateway
cloud:
inetutils:
ignored-interfaces: [ 'VirtualBox.*' ]
use-only-site-local-interfaces: true
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 192.168.5.23:8848
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: false
lowerCaseServiceId: true
routes:
- id: provider
uri: lb://provider
predicates:
- Path=/provider/**
#filters:
#- StripPrefix=1
- id: consumer
uri: lb://consumer
predicates:
- Path=/consumerdemo/**
#filters:
#- StripPrefix=1